Preliminary Economic Assessment Beatons Creek Conglomerate GOLD Project
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Suite 880, 580 Hornby Street
Vancouver, BC, Canada V6C 3B6
PRELIMINARY ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
BEATONS CREEK CONGLOMERATE GOLD PROJECT
VANCOUVER, BC, March 31, 2021 - Novo Resources Corp. (“Novo” or the “Company”) (TSX: NVO
& NVO.WT; OTCQX: NSRPF) is pleased to announce completion of a preliminary economic assessment
(“PEA”) for the Company’s 100%-owned Beatons Creek conglomerate gold project (“Beatons Creek” or
“Project”), located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. In addition to the potential viability of
mineral resources at the Project reported by the PEA, Beatons Creek displays significant upside resource
potential from deposit extensions . Novo has identifie d numerous new near -surface exploration targets
across its approximate 1, 250 km2 of land holdings across the Nullagine mining district ( refer to the
Company’s news release dated December 15, 2020).
Beatons Creek PEA highlights:
- The potential for average 100,000 oz conglomerate gold production per year over 6 years for
627,0001 oz potential total production over life of mine (“LOM”), excluding current underground
resources
- Comparable production costs among the field of current and imminent Australian gold
producers: LOM C1 cash costs of US$702/oz and L OM all -in sustaining costs (“ AISC”) of
US$974/oz
- Robust base-case scenario: at a gold price of US$1,700/oz and an A$-US$ foreign exchange rate
of 0.75:1 23, potential for pre-tax US$318 million ( C$400 million) NPV 5% and average annual
EBITDA of US$88 million / post-tax US$250 million (C$315 million) NPV5%
- Synergistic combination of Beatons Creek with pre-existing production infrastructure acquired
pursuant to the acquisition of Millennium Minerals Limited (“ Millennium”) ( refer to the
Company’s news release dated August 8, 2020)
- Considerable upside potential recognized in Beatons Creek conglomerate resource expansion
potential as well as throughout the consolidated Nullagine mining district
The PEA is preliminary in nature, and is based on a mineral resource estimate that includes inferred mineral
resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have the econ omic considerations applied to
them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves. There is no certainty that the PEA will
be realized. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability.
1 Current LOM production extends into year 7 with the potential for 23,000 oz in year 7. The potential for 604,000 oz over 6 y ears is rounded to
100,000 oz average gold production per year over the first 6 years of LOM.
2 See “Key Assumptions” section below for further details.
3 Figures are at asset level and do not include repayment of existing debt facility with Sprott Private Resource Lending II (Collector), LP (see the
Company’s news release dated August 8, 2020).
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“Completion of this PEA demonstrates the strength of Beatons Creek,” commented Quinton Hennigh,
Chairman and President of Novo Resources. “The PEA indicates the potential viability of mineral
resources at Beatons Creek, with a competitive AISC of US$974/oz. Given the expansive nature of gold -
bearing conglomerates in the Nullagine region, there is the potential for the resource base to grow through
step-out exploration and support an extension to the LOM. The robust anticipated cash generation reported
by the PEA should support Novo’s exploration activities across its vast holdings in the Pilbara, with further
potential to grow production organically.”
Novo also reports that its board of directors has ratified management’s recommendation to mine the Project
based on the PEA. The Company is currently in the late stages of commissioning Millennium’s Golden
Eagle processing facility (the “Golden Eagle Mill”) and continues to ramp up mining and production into
Q2 2021. The decision by the Company to produce at Beatons Creek was not based on a feasibility study
of mineral reserves demonstrating economic and technical viability and, as a result, there is an increased
uncertainty of achieving any particular level of recovery of minerals or the cost of such recovery, including
increased risks associated with developing a commercially mineable deposit. Historically, such projects
have a much higher risk of economic and technical failure. There is no guarantee that that anticipated
production costs will be achieved. Failure to achieve the anticipated production costs would have a material
adverse impact on the Company’s cash flow and future profitability.
Beatons Creek PEA Summary
The PEA was prepared by Jason Froud (BSc Hons, Grad Dip (Fin Mkts), MAIG) and Andrew Grubb (BE
(Mining), FAusIMM) , and peer reviewed by Ian Glacken ( BSc Hons, MSc (Mining Geology), MSc
(Geostatistics) PGCert (comp), DIC, FAusIMM(CP), FAIG, CEng, MIMMM) of Optiro Pty Ltd of Perth,
Australia. Optiro was supported by William George Gosling (BE (Extractive Metallurgy), FAusIMM) of
GR Engineering Services, also of Perth, Australia. The Company plans to file an updated technical report
in respect of Beatons Creek reporting on the PEA, in compliance with National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-
101”), under the Company’s profile on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com within 45 days.
PEA Economics Unit Pre-Tax Post-Tax
NPV5% US$ millions $318 $250
Average annual cash flow US$ millions $64 $50
LOM unlevered cash flow (undiscounted) US$ millions $386 $260
Mine life Years 6
Average annual production over LOM Oz/year 101
LOM production Oz 627
Economic Sensitivities to Gold Price
(post-tax)
Per ounce of gold
(US$)
NPV5%
(US$ millions)
$1,600 $216
$1,700 $250
$1,800 $285
$1,900 $319
$2,000 $354
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The PEA is preliminary in nature, and is based on a mineral resource estimate that includes inferred mineral
resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to
them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves. There is no certainty that the PEA will
be realized.
Opportunities
Novo owns approximately 1,250 km2 of prospective tenure within the Nullagine gold district,
approximately 283 km2 of which was acquired with Millennium, and plans to aggressively pursue near -
term exploration and production opportunities across the gold field. Of highest importance are extensions
of conglomerate gold mineralization around Beatons Creek and a recent conglomerate gold discovery
located approximately 2 km southwest of Beatons Creek called Skyfall ( refer to the Company’s news
release dated November 5, 2020). Novo also sees potential to unlock its other assets across the East Pilbara
region including, but not limited to, its wholly-owned Talga Talga, Virgin Creek, Contact Creek, and Mt.
Elsie projects (refer to Figure 1).
(Figure 1:Map of Novo’s Pilbara tenure.)
PEA Details
Beatons Creek has been explored extensively by various companies since the late 1960’s. The Company
acquired an initial interest in Beatons Creek from Millennium in 2011 (refer to the Company’s news release
dated April 6, 2011) before acquiring a 100% interest in 2015 (refer to the Company’s news release dated
March 26, 2015). The Company most recently announced an updated mineral resource estimate in April
2019 outlining indicated mineral resources comprising 6.6 million tonnes at 2.1 g/ t Au for 457,000 oz
contained gold, with additional inferred mineral resources of 4.3 million tonnes at 3.2 g/t Au for 446,000
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oz contained gold (refer to the resource summary table outlined in Figure 2 as well as the Company’s news
release dated April 1, 2019 and the report (the “Beatons Creek Technical Report”) titled “Amended and
Restated NI 43 -101 Technical Re port: Mineral Resource Update, Beatons Creek Conglomerate Gold
Project, Pilbara Region, Western Australia” dated October 22, 2020 (effective date February 28, 2019 ))
(the “ Beatons Creek Resource ”). Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have
demonstrated economic viability.
Mining and Processing
The Beatons Creek mining plan utilizes conventional open pit mining methods. Iron Mine Contracting Pty
Ltd were awarded preferred contractor status by the Company in November 2020 (refer to the Company’s
news release dated November 18, 2020 ) and have been ramping up commissioning efforts to date .
Mineralized material is stockpiled at a run of mine (“ ROM”) pad at Beatons Creek before being hauled
approximately 14 km to a ROM pad at the Golden Eagle Mill. Mineralized material passes through a single-
stage jaw crusher before being ground to 150 µm utilizing a semi -autogenous grinding (“SAG”) mill.
Gravity recovery is handled by a centrifugal concentrator and intensive cyanidation leach reactor. Leaching
occurs in two tanks, and subsequent carbon adsorption occurs in seven carbon-in-leach tanks, the first three
of which incorporate oxygen addition.
Mining and Processing Summary
Total mineralized material mined (kt) 9,486
Total waste mined (kt) 79,969
LOM strip ratio (W:O) 8.43
Mineralized material milled (kt) 9,486
Head grade (g/t) 2.16
Contained Au (koz) 660
Recovery rate (%) 95%
Recovered Au (koz Au) 627
Figures may not reconcile due to rounding.
The Beatons Creek Resource is as follows:
Open Pit Mineral Resources (oxide and fresh mineralization)
Cut-off Grade Tonnes Grade Ounces Troy Au
Classification Au g/t (x1000) Au g/t (x1000)
Indicated 0.5 6,645 2.1 457
Inferred 0.5 3,410 2.7 294
Open Pit Mineral Resources (oxide mineralization)
Cut-off Grade Tonnes Grade Ounces Troy Au
Classification Au g/t (x1000) Au g/t (x1000)
Indicated 0.5 4,500 1.9 272
Inferred 0.5 765 1.8 44
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Open Pit Mineral Resources (fresh mineralization)
Cut-off Grade Tonnes Grade Ounces Troy Au
Classification Au g/t (x1000) Au g/t (x1000)
Indicated 0.5 2,145 2.7 185
Inferred 0.5 2,645 2.9 250
Underground Mineral Resources (fresh mineralization)
Cut-off Grade Tonnes Grade Ounces Troy Au
Classification Au g/t (x1000) Au g/t (x1000)
Inferred 3.5 885 5.3 152
Total Mineral Resources (oxide and fresh mineralization; open pit and underground)
Cut-off Grade Tonnes Grade Ounces Troy Au
Classification Au g/t (x1000) Au g/t (x1000)
Indicated 0.5 6,645 2.1 457
Inferred 0.5, 3.5 4,295 3.2 446
Notes:
1. Open pit mineral resources contain oxide and fresh mineralization within an optimized shell and constrained within a mineralized wireframe.
2. An optimized Whittle pit shell was estimated with the following indicative parameters:
(a) USD $1,311 (AUD $1,850) / troy ounce;
(b) Metallurgical recoveries of 95% oxide and 90% fresh;
(c) SGs applied: Oxide 2.40 t/m3 and fresh 2.85 t/m3 based on measurements taken on drill core;
(d) USD $2.40 / tonne mining cost for oxide and USD $3.68 / tonne for fresh;
(e) USD $17.00 / tonne oxide and USD $19.00 / tonne fresh processing cost; and
(f) USD $3.00 / tonne general and administrative costs.
3. Underground mineral resources contain fresh mineralization outside the optimized shell. Underground resources are constrained to discrete areas
of contiguous mineralization. NB: cut-off grade for underground resource has been increased from 2.0 g/t Au to 3.5 g/t Au for the Beatons Creek
Technical Report.
4. Columns may not total due to rounding.
5. One troy ounce is equal to 31.1034768 grams.
Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability .
(Figure 2: Beatons Creek Technical Report summary.)
Operating Costs
Operating costs for contract mining and in-house processing were developed from detailed budget estimates
from reputable services providers with operational experience in the Pilbara region of Western Australia
and recent operations experience for the Golden Eagle Mill . Beatons Creek is located near a large skilled
labour pool with minimal COVID-19 restriction requirements due to a successful handling of the pandemic
by state authorities. Beatons Creek is located adjacent to the partly sealed Marble Bar Road and less than 1
km away from the town of Nullagine.
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Operating Costs (LOM)
Mining cost (US$/t mined) $3.60
Processing cost (US$/t milled) $17.18
Site SG&A & corporate cost (US$/t milled) $5.14
Sustaining capex (US$/t milled) $4.10
Cash cost (US$/oz) $702
Sustaining Capital
Sustaining capital requirements over LOM are generally low due to the recently completed refurbishment
of the Golden Eagle Mill (refer to the Company’s news release dated February 16, 2021). The Millennium
tailings storage facility requires on-going monitoring as well as annual lifts to maintain capacity for
production which together cost approximately US$1.5 million per annum.
Sustaining Capital (LOM) US$ Millions US$/t Milled
Mining $30.40 $3.20
Processing infrastructure $1.05 $0.11
Tailings storage facility $7.50 $0.79
Total sustaining capital $38.95 $4.10
AISC
AISC metrics are competitive with Australian gold developer and producer peers. A breakdown of Novo’s
AISC4 is as follows:
AISC Summary (LOM)
Total mine operating cost (including stockpile adjustments and royalties3) (US$/oz) $825
Corporate cost overheads (US$/oz) $13
Sustaining capital (US$/oz) $62
Closure (US$/oz) $74
AISC (US$/oz) $974
Key Assumptions
The PEA uses a pricing assumption of US$1,700/oz gold price and A$-US$ foreign exchange rate of 0.75.
Alternative Performance Measures (Non-IFRS Measures)
Certain items in this news release are alternative performance measures. Alternative performance measures
are furnished to provide additional information. These non-IFRS measures are included in this news release
because the Company believes these statisti cs are key performance measures that provide investors,
analysts, and other stakeholders with additional information to understand the costs associated with Beatons
Creek. These performance measures do not have a standard meaning within IFRS and, therefore, amounts
presented may not be comparable to similar data presented by other mining companies. These performance
4 Royalties consist of (i) a 2.5% gross royalty payable to the state of Western Australia, and (ii) 4.75% aggregate gross royalties payable to private
royalty holders.
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measures should not be considered in isolation as a substitute for measures of performance in accordance
with IFRS.
“Cash costs” are a non-IFRS measure reported by the Company on an ounces of gold sold basis. Cash costs
include mining, processing, refining, general and administration costs and royalties, but exclude
depreciation, reclamation, income taxes, capital, and exploration costs for the L OM, defined above as 6
years.
“AISC” is a non-IFRS measure reported by the Company on a per ounce of gold sold basis that includes all
cash costs noted above as well as sustaining capital and closure costs, but excludes depreciation, capital
costs, and income taxes.
Resource Modelling
The spatial extent of the Beatons Creek Resource covers a surface area of over 2 km x 2 km. Mineralization
exists as multiple sub -horizontal, narrow stacked and un -classified ferruginous-conglomeritic horizons
(“reefs”), which are interbedded with un -mineralized conglomerate, sandstones and grits with minor
intercalations of shale, mudstone, siltstone and tuffs. Reefs vary from <1 m to several metres thick and are
continuous for up to 2 km.
Mineral resources were estimated from 3,909 samples, sourced from 2,422 samples from reverse circulation
holes, 302 samples from diamond core holes, and 1,185 trench ‘channel’ samples. The majority of assays
used for the estimate were determined using the LeachWELL (cyanide leaching) technique, with the 2018
diamond drilling and trench programs also analysing the LeachWELL residues by fire assay.
Grade interpolation was performed using a three-pass Ordinary Kriging (“OK”) estimation method within
modelled reef domains. Wireframed mineralized domains differentiate between regionally continuous
marine lags and localized stacked -channel mineralization. A weathering profile has further differentiated
the estimate into oxide and fresh components.
All samples were composited to 1 m for estimation. Composites were analysed and top -cut per domain
using statistical and graphical methods. OK was constrained by variograms per domain, though some
domains had too few samples to define an acceptable variogram. In such cases, the most appropriate domain
variogram was applied based on geological reasonableness. A total nugget effect of 65% was applied during
the kriging process. Two estimation block sizes were applied: 20m by 20m by 1m and 40m by 40m by 1m
for relatively densely spaced data versus sparsely spaced data respectively. All blocks were sub-blocked to
2.5m by 2.5m by 0.25m. Block size and number of samples applied in search passes were selected based
on kriging neighbourhood analysis. Estimation was undertaken in three passes, with passes one and two
being no more than the geostatistical range defined in the variogram. Search pass three used up to three
times the geostatistical range. The estimate was validated by visual comparison of samples and estimation
block grade by domain, moving window plots, and global grade comparisons. The 2018 bulk sampling
program was also used to validate sections of the oxide mineralization (refer to the Company’s news release
dated February 20, 2019). Indicated Mineral Resources were classified based on passes one and two, and
Inferred Mineral Resources classified based on pass three. As well as search passes, resources were also
classified on consideration of sample data quality, mix of different sample types, and quan tity and quality
of SG data. The qualified person (as defined in NI 43-101) applied the principles of reasonable prospects
of eventual economic extraction. Geostatistical analysis was undertaken using Snowden Supervisor
[v8.11.0] software and estimation was undertaken in Datamine Studio RM [v1.4.175] software.
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The mineral resource estimation process was peer reviewed by Mr. Ian Glacken (BSc Hons, MSc (Mining
Geology), MSc (Geostatistics) PGCert (comp), DIC, FAusIMM(CP), FAIG, CEng, MIMMM), a Director
and Principal of Optiro Pty Ltd. Optiro have endorsed the estimation approach and classification.
Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability; it is uncertain
if applying economic modifying factors will convert measured and indicated mineral resources to mineral
reserves. The estimate of mineral resources may be materially affected by environmental, permitting, legal,
title, taxation, socio-political, marketing, or other relevant issues. Approvals to mine the fresh component
of the Beatons Creek Resource have yet to be obtained and Novo anticipates obtaining said approvals by
2022. The quant ity and grade of reported inferred mineral resources in this estimation are uncertain in
nature and there has been insufficient exploration to define these inferred mineral resources as an indicated
or measured mineral resource and it is uncertain if furth er exploration will result in upgrading them to an
indicated or measured mineral resource category. The mineral resources in this news release were estimated
using current Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) standards, definitions and
guidelines.
Dr. Simon C. Dominy, FAusIMM (CPGeo) has coordinated the Beatons Creek Resource for the Project,
and is a qualified person as defined by NI 43-101.
Metallurgical Test Work on Fresh Mineralization
Three PQ diamond drill holes (BCMET18 -021, BCMET18 -022, BCMET18 -023) were drilled for
metallurgical testwork within Fresh mineralization. These holes each intersected two mineralized horizons
within the Fresh zone (M1 and M2 reefs).
Whole core was taken for each of the six intersections and subjected to non -destructive head grade assay
by PhotonAssay, followed by comminution testwork. The three intersections of each reef were then blended
to form two approx. 60 kg composites for M1 and M2. These were each subjected to the three-stage gravity
recoverable gold test (the so -called “Laplante” test) to determine the GRG of the composites. Leach
testwork on the GRG residues is currently being completed.
The result of the GRG testwork was a 95% GRG recovery for the M1 composite (head grade 5.6 g/t Au)
and 89% GRG recovery for the M2 composite (head grade 4.6 g/t Au).
All metallurgical testwork was undertaken at Met allurgy Pty Ltd, Perth, Australia. PhotoAssay analysis
was undertaken at MinAnalytical Pty Ltd, Perth, Australia. All testwork and analysis was supported by a
QAQC programme including process documentation, blanks, barren flushes and CRMs (where
appropriate).
Dr. Quinton Hennigh (P.Geo.) is the qualified person pursuant to NI 43 -101 responsible for, and having
reviewed and approved, the technical information contained in this news release. Dr. Hennigh is President,
Chairman, and a director of Novo Resources Corp.
Based on the Beatons Creek Resource, the Company utilized a standard methodology for pit design, mining
sequence and cut -off grade optimization, including application of mining dilution, process recovery,
economic criteria and physical mine and plant operating constraints has been followed to design the mine.
The Optiro qualified persons reviewed the Company’s work for reasonableness to complete the PEA.