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Ivanhoe Mines announces outstanding economic results of updated, independent Integrated Development Plan (2023 IDP) for world-leading Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex

Corporate Updates

January 30, 2023

Ivanhoe Mines announces outstanding economic results of updated,

independent Integrated Development Plan (2023 IDP) for world-leading

Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex

■

Ivanhoe’s 26-year odyssey of discovery realizes a globally significant

copper complex essential for the energy transition

■

2023 IDP consists of a pre-feasibility study (PFS) for the Phase 3 and 4

expansions of Kamoa-Kakula, and a preliminary economic assessment

(PEA) life-of-mine extension case

■

Phase 3 expansion, to be completed in 2024, increases Kamoa-Kakula’s

annual copper production to a ten-year average of 620,000 tonnes of

copper, at cash costs (C1) of $1.22/lb.

■

Expansion to 19.2 Mtpa in PFS case yields after-tax NPV8% of $19.1 billion,

over a 33-year mine life

■

$20.2 billion after-tax NPV8% in 42-year PEA life-of-mine extension case

■

Kamoa-Kakula 500,000 tonne-per-annum copper smelter completion in late

2024; brings operating cost reductions and environmental benefits,

producing ultra-low carbon 99+% copper blister anodes

■

Kamoa-Kakula to rank as the 4th largest copper producer globally in 2025,

with lowest-quartile cash costs

■

Mineral Reserves tonnage increased by 101% to 472 million tonnes

■

Kamoa-Kakula generates powerful cash flow to fund expansions, with an

average annual EBITDA of over $3 billion for the first 10 years

■

Phase 3 and 4 expansions deliver significant blessings to all Kamoa-

Kakula stakeholders, including host communities, 12,000+ employees and

2

contractors, as well as the Democratic Republic of Congo as a major 20%

shareholder

■

Ivanhoe Mines to host conference call on Tuesday, January 31, 2023

■

Ivanhoe Mines provides 2023 cost guidance for Kamoa-Kakula

KOLWEZI, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO – Ivanhoe Mines’ (TSX: IVN;

OTCQX: IVPAF) Co-Chairs Robert Friedland and Yufeng “Miles” Sun announced

today that the company and its partners, Zijin Mining Group, Crystal River Global

Limited and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), welcome the extremely

positive findings of an independent Integrated Development Plan (2023 IDP) for the

world-leading Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex. The 2023 IDP consists of a Pre-

Feasibility Study (Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PFS) for the Phase 3 and Phase 4 expansions

of the Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex over a 33-year mine life, as well as an

updated Preliminary Economic Assessment (Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PEA) that includes

a life-of-mine extension case to 42 years overall.

The Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PFS evaluates a staged increase in production capacity at

Kamoa-Kakula from the current nominal throughput rate of 7.6 million tonnes per

annum (Mtpa) up to a total of 19.2 Mtpa by 2030. First, the throughput of the Phase 1

and 2 concentrators is increased to 9.2 Mtpa by the imminent completion of the

debottlenecking program.

Phase 3 includes the ongoing construction of a new 5.0 Mtpa concentrator, located

at Kamoa, which is targeted to be completed in Q4 2024. As part of the Phase 3

expansion, a direct-to-blister (DBF) flash smelter is under construction to produce

approximately 500,000 tonnes of 99+% pure copper metal, and the replacement of

Turbine #5 at the Inga II hydroelectric power station is well underway. The turbine

replacement will supply an additional 178 megawatts (MW) of clean hydroelectric

power to the national grid and provide power for Phase 3.

Phase 4, planned for later in the decade, includes the construction of an additional

5.0 Mtpa concentrator in parallel to Phase 3, which will be fed by mines in the Kamoa

area, bringing overall production up to 19.2 Mtpa.

The Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PEA evaluates a further 9-year extension to mine life, from

four additional mines, maintaining production from the Phase 1 – 4 concentrators

until beyond 2060.

The Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PEA is preliminary and includes an economic analysis that

is based, in part, on Inferred Mineral Resources. Inferred Mineral Resources are

considered too speculative geologically for the application of economic

considerations that would allow them to be categorized as Mineral Reserves – and

there is no certainty that the results will be realized. Mineral Resources do not have

demonstrated economic viability and are not Mineral Reserves.

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The world-class economic results confirm Kamoa-Kakula’s position as

one of the world’s largest, ultra-green and lowest-cost producers, which

will be a world leader in the empowerment of women and the

development of Congolese youth for many decades to come

Watch a video encompassing the core elements of the 2023 IDP as well as ongoing

expansion activities at Kamoa-Kakula: https://vimeo.com/793832552/c6e4f1f11d

Figure 1: World’s projected top 20 copper mines in 2025, by key metrics.

Notes: Kamoa-Kakula production and grade are based on average paid copper production and average

copper feed grade during the first 10 years as detailed in the Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PFS. Kamoa-Kakula

resource is based on the contained copper in the Measured & Indicated category in the Kamoa-Kakula 2023

PFS. The ‘Copper Head Grade’ reflects the average reserve grade. 2025 Measured & Indicated resources

take into account 2023-2024 production figures (which have been subtracted from the starting 2023 M&I

resources balance). Measured & Indicated resources are inclusive of reserves and are on a 100% basis.

Source: Wood Mackenzie (based on public disclosure, the Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PFS has not been reviewed

by Wood Mackenzie).

Escondida

Grasberg

Collahuasi

Kamoa-Kakula

Polish Copper

Oyu Tolgoi

Kamoto

Kansanshi

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400

Copper Head Grade (%)

Paid Copper Production (Kt)Source: Wood Mackenzie, 2023

Bubble size: M&I Resource

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Ivanhoe Mines’ Executive Co-Chairman, Robert Friedland commented: "In a world

where it is exceedingly rare for tier-one ore bodies to be discovered, developed and

mined ... Kamoa-Kakula stands out as a beacon of what is possible given the

exceptionally hard work of a ‘United Nations’ of highly dedicated people. This study

marks the culmination of a 26-year journey that began with the conviction of

visionary geologists and now has become one of the world's leading, lowest-carbon

emitting, long-life suppliers of vital copper metal, which humankind desperately

requires as we transition to a more sustainable future underpinned by renewable

energy.

"This monumental achievement would not have been possible without our leading

engineers, technicians and consultants, the invaluable contributions of our partners

at Zijin Mining and CITIC Metal, our international shareholders ... as well as the

progressive partnerships at Kamoa-Kakula with the Democratic Republic of Congo

government and our local communities.

"This integrated development plan reveals the true, long-life nature of the Kamoa-

Kakula Copper Complex, which will be producing 'green', high-grade copper metal

for the better part of this century. It also demonstrates the bright future and vast

potential for the Democratic Republic of Congo and its people, which is ready to

become a world leader in the responsible supply of vital electric metals required by

governments around the world to enact policies to combat climate change.

"Kamoa-Kakula is one of the world's largest, highest-grade copper complexes, and a

major economic engine that generates leading returns on capital and exceptional

free cash flow. This marks another milestone on a great journey, and we look

forward to the many successes to come with our partners and shareholders.

“Ivanhoe Mines is ready to take the next step in becoming the world’s next major,

diversified mining company … and Kamoa-Kakula will become the model for future

mines as we embark on the next generation of tier-one developments at our Platreef

and Kipushi projects.”

Kamoa-Kakula to build on outstanding achievements of Phase 1 and 2,

developing into a multi-generational major copper producer in

partnership with the DRC and local communities

Ivanhoe Mines’ President, Marna Cloete said: "When we set out to build the tier-one

Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex, alongside our joint-venture partners at Zijin and the

Democratic Republic of Congo government, we were resolute in our commitment to

industry-leading standards in terms of resource efficiency, water and energy usage,

and minimizing emissions. We knew Kamoa-Kakula had the potential to become an

example of how modern mining must be done – in partnership with local

governments and communities, and with an unwavering focus on transparency and

environmental, social and governance best practices.

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"The Democratic Republic of Congo is blessed with exceptional hydropower

potential, world-class geology, and a young, vibrant population ready to enter the

workforce as the next generation of accomplished engineers, geologists and skilled

technicians. Kamoa-Kakula now has generated over 12,000 jobs from its operations

and construction activities, with over 95% of those positions filled by Congolese

nationals. We are endeavouring to continue this excellent track record of local

employment and training with the construction of the Kamoa Centre of Excellence.

The centre will create a sustainable and community-focused higher learning

environment, offering international degrees and diplomas in the heart of the Lualaba

province in the DRC.

"Meanwhile, the Kamoa-Kakula Sustainable Livelihoods program has succeeded in

nurturing local businesses and value chains around the mining complex, including

sustainable agriculture and farming, improved water security, and investments in

early childhood education and gender equality, thereby advancing our commitment

towards the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.

"I would like to congratulate all the dedicated employees and contractors

responsible for these industry-leading initiatives, which have turned Kamoa-Kakula

into the operation we had all hoped for when we started this journey. Mining remains

a vital industry, and its role is only growing more important as we attempt to

decarbonize our economies and electrify the world. We must still mine, but when we

do, we must mine with a greater purpose."

Ivanhoe to host a conference call on the Kamoa-Kakula 2023 IDP

On January 31, 2023, Ivanhoe will host a conference call to discuss the findings of

the updated 2023 IDP for the Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex, as well as guidance

for cash costs in 2023, and capital costs in 2023 and 2024 across the Kamoa-Kakula,

Platreef and Kipushi projects.

The call will include a video update from the Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex, as well

as remarks from Ivanhoe's Co-Chairman Robert Friedland, President Marna Cloete,

and members of the company's management team. It also will feature a question-

and-answer session.

DATE: Tuesday, January 31, 2023

TIME: 10:30 am Eastern / 7:30 am Pacific / 3:30 pm London

LINK: https://app.webinar.net/Xxn3K9eK9Ap

A recording of the call, together with supporting presentation slides, will be made

available on Ivanhoe Mines’ website at www.ivanhoemines.com.

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The Kamoa-Kakula 2023 IDP encompasses two studies:

• Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PFS (Phase 3 and 4 expansion): a staged increase in

nameplate production up to a total of 19.2 Mtpa, over a 33-year mine life. The first

stage is the debottlenecking of the operational Phase 1 and Phase 2

concentrators from the current nameplate capacity of 7.6 Mtpa up to 9.2 Mtpa by

Q2 2023. The Phase 1 and 2 concentrators will process ore initially from the

Kakula Mine, which is being expanded to meet this capacity, and then supported

by the Kakula West Mine from 2029. This will be followed by the construction of

the 5.0 Mtpa Phase 3 concentrator, which is on target to be commissioned in Q4

2024. This concentrator will be fed with ore from the existing Kansoko Sud Mine,

as well as new mines under development known as Kamoa 1 and 2. Phase 3 is

planned to coincide with the commissioning of a DBF flash copper smelter

capable of producing 500,000 tonnes per annum of copper in the form of 99+%

anode or blister. In addition, the smelter will produce 650,000 to 800,000 tonnes

per annum of high-strength sulphuric acid for sale in the domestic DRC market.

The final stage is Phase 4, an additional 5.0 Mtpa concentrator which will take the

total processing capacity up to 19.2 Mtpa fed by an expansion of the Kamoa

mines. Kamoa and Kakula will supply a blend of copper concentrate for the

smelter, as the ore reserve grade tapers over time. The Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PFS

case yields an after-tax NPV8% of $19.1 billion at a long-term copper price of

$3.70/lb.

• Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PEA (Life-of-mine extension case): a nine-year mine life

extension of the Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex, in addition to the Kamoa-

Kakula 2023 PFS. This case includes the addition of four new underground mines

in the Kamoa area (called Kamoa 3, 4, 5 and 6) to maintain the overall production

rate of up to 19.2 Mtpa. The Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PEA case yields an after-tax

NPV8% of $20.2 billion. The Kamoa-Kakula PEA is preliminary and includes an

economic analysis that is based, in part, on Inferred Mineral Resources. Inferred

Mineral Resources are considered too speculative geologically for the application

of economic considerations that would allow them to be categorized as Mineral

Reserves and there is no certainty that the results will be realized. Mineral

Resources do not have demonstrated economic viability and are not Mineral

Reserves.

The Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PFS and Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PEA were independently

prepared by OreWin Pty Ltd. of Adelaide, Australia; China Nerin Engineering Co.,

Ltd., of Jiangxi, China; DRA Global of Johannesburg, South Africa; Epoch

Resources of Johannesburg, South Africa; Golder Associates Africa of Midrand,

South Africa; Metso-Outotec Oyj of Helsinki, Finland; Paterson and Cooke of Cape

Town, South Africa; SRK Consulting Inc. of Johannesburg, South Africa; and MSA

Group of Johannesburg, South Africa

A National Instrument 43-101 technical report will be filed on SEDAR at

www.sedar.com and the Ivanhoe Mines website at www.ivanhoemines.com within 45

days of the issuance of this news release.

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Figure 2: Kamoa-Kakula 2023 IDP life-of-mine development plan by deposit

Figure by OreWin, 2023.

Phases 1 and 2 approaching full capacity with de-bottlenecking program

over 90% complete; delivering increased copper production and

operating cash flow to fund Phase 3 and 4 expansions

The Kamoa-Kakula Copper Complex’s Phase 1 concentrator began producing

copper in May 2021 and achieved commercial production ahead of schedule in July

2021. The Phase 2 concentrator, which doubled nameplate production capacity, was

also commissioned several months ahead of schedule in April 2022.

In late February 2022, the Company announced that Kamoa Copper approved a

debottlenecking plan to increase the combined design processing capacity of the

Phase 1 and Phase 2 concentrator plants by approximately 21%, from 7.6 Mtpa to 9.2

Mtpa. As of early January 2023, the debottlenecking program was over 90%

complete.

To meet the expanded plant capacity of Phase 1 and 2, the Kakula Mine and

associated material-handling capacity is undergoing an expansion which will enable

an increased mining rate of between 8 Mtpa and 9 Mtpa. Together with existing

stockpiled material at Kakula, this will provide the feed for the Phase 1 and Phase 2

debottlenecked concentrators at a throughput rate of 9.2 Mtpa. As of the end of

December 2022, Kakula’s surface ore stockpiles totalled approximately 3.01 million

tonnes at an estimated grade of 4.2% copper, containing over 126,000 tonnes of

copper. The long-term development plan for Kamoa-Kakula can be seen in Figure 2,

–

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

–

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

2023

2025

2027

2029

2031

2033

2035

2037

2039

2041

2043

2045

2047

2049

2051

2053

2055

2057

2059

2061

2063

Grade (% Cu)

Milled (Mt)

Kakula Kakula Stockpiles Processed Kakula West

Kamoa Stockpiles Processed Kamoa 1 Kansoko Sud

Kamoa 2 PEA Milled Cu Grade

PEA only

Kamoa 3 - 6

Kamoa 2

Kansoko Sud

Kakula West

Kakula

Kakula

Stockpile

Kamoa

Stockpile

Phase 3

(Q4 2024)

Phase 4 (2030)

Direct-to-Blister Smelter

Commences (2024)

Kamoa 1

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as well as a plan showing all the deposits in the Kamoa-Kakula 2023 IDP shown in

Figure 3.

As the Kakula stockpiles near depletion, high-grade ore fed into the Phase 1 and

Phase 2 concentrators from Kakula Mine will be supplemented with ore from a new

underground mine at Kakula West, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 3: Overview of deposits included within the Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PFS

(outlined in blue) and Kamoa-Kakula 2023 PEA (outlined in green)

Figure by OreWin, 2023.

Kamoa-Kakula produced 333,497 tonnes of copper in concentrate in 2022, achieving

the upper end of its original 2022 production guidance range of 290,000 to 340,000

tonnes. Kamoa-Kakula’s 2022 production achievement represents a year-over-year

increase of 215%. Kamoa-Kakula’s 2023 guidance range for production and cash

costs is provided below.

Kamoa Copper Managing Director, Riaan Vermeulen added: “This study

demonstrates why Kamoa-Kakula is the world’s fastest-growing copper mine, and

will surely be among the leading mining operations globally for years to come. The