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Almaden Responds to Court Submissions by Mexico’s Ministry of Economy to Deny Twenty Year-Old Ixtaca Mineral Title Applications

Legal & Disputes Company Commentary

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NEWS RELEASE

February 22, 2023

Trading Symbols:

TSX: AMM; NYSE American: AAU

www.almadenminerals.com

Almaden Responds to Court Submissions by Mexico’s Ministry of Economy to Deny

Twenty Year-Old Ixtaca Mineral Title Applications

Vancouver, B.C. Almaden Minerals Ltd. (“Almaden” or “the Company”; TSX: AMM; NYSE American: AAU)

wishes to advise stakeholders that it has recently learnt that Mexico’s Ministry of the Economy (“Economia”) has

made a submission to the second district court in Puebla State (the “District Court”) to deny the two mineral title

applications which were first made by Almaden in 2002 and 2008, and which in turn led to the grant of mineral

titles in 2003 and 2009, respectively. These mineral titles underpin the Ixtaca deposit which was discovered by

Almaden in 2010. As previously reported, these mineral titles were reduced to application status as a result of an

early 2022 decision of Mexico’s Supreme Court of Justice (“SCJN”). The District Court is implementing the SCJN

decision.

Almaden believes that this action by Economia is inconsistent with the Mexican Mining Law, the SCJN decision,

and international law. The Company expects to submit arguments challenging Economia’s submissions to the

District Court within the next few days. Further legal action is currently being studied.

By way of background, Almaden’s mineral claims covering the Ixtaca project were used as the basis of a lawsuit

by a third party against the Mexican government (President, Congress, Ministry of Economy, Directorate of Mines,

Mining Registry Office) asserting that the Mexican mining law is unconstitutional. In February, 2022, the SCJN

ruled that Mexico’s mineral title law is constitutional, but that before issuing Almaden’s mineral t itles in 2003 and

2009, Economia should have provided for a consultation procedure with relevant indigenous communities.

In April, 2022, the SCJN provided additional detail regarding the procedures required to be followed by the

Mexican government in the performance of indigenous consultation prior to the grant of mineral claims. The SCJN

also clarified that the Company’s original claim applications were su bmitted pursuant to the legal framework in

force at the time and that Almaden’s mineral rights at the Ixtaca project were safeguarded while the mining

authorities comply with the SCJN decision.

In July 2022, the Company announced that , as required by the SCJN, Economia had notified Almaden that the

Company’s mineral titles relating to the Ixtaca project were “ineffective”. The Company underst ood this to mean

that the mineral title reverted to application status, and that these applications preserve the mineral rights for

Almaden but do not allow the Company to engage in exploration, until such time as Economia completes its court-

ordered indigenous consultation in the area covered by the mineral title applications.

The Company has now received notice t hat Economia has reviewed the original claim applications on file and

resolved, despite acting to the contrary in 2003 and 2009, that the applications contain technical faults which

preclude the grant of the mineral claims. Economia is therefore seeking to deny the grant of the mineral claims

prior to engaging in the indigenous consultation ordered by the SCJN . Economia’s resolution has not yet been

accepted by the District Court.

Almaden wil l continue to support the indigenous consultation mandated by the SCJN and assert its rights as

appropriate.

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Duane Poliquin, Chair of Almaden, stated “It is stunning that up to twenty years after initially granting the claims

on the basis of the original applications, Economia has now changed its mind and decided that those same

applications are insufficient and do not support the award of the mineral titles. The Government of Mexico has

received over CAD$2.3 million in claim taxes and overseen approximately CAD$60 million in investment since the

mineral titles were originally granted. This effort by Economia is a stark warning to all those who value a predictable

and stable mineral tenure regime in Mexico.”

Duane Poliquin continued “We can accept that tenure systems evolve and that Mexico needed to redress the

harms it has caused to Mexican indigenous communities and peoples, by not properly implementing ILO 169 and

guaranteeing their human right to free, pri or, and informed consultation. However, this decision by Economia

attempts to pre-empt the indigenous consultation ordered by the SCJN, which Almaden is confident will allow the

principal host communities to express their strong support for the project.”

About Almaden

Almaden Minerals Ltd. owns 100% of the Ixtaca project in Puebla State, Mexico, subject to a 2.0% NSR royalty

held by Almadex Minerals Ltd. The Ixtaca deposit hosts a proven and probable reserve containing 1.38 million

ounces of gold and 85.1 million ounces of silver (73.1 million tonnes grading 0.59 g/t Au and 36.3 g/t Ag). A

report titled “Ixtaca Gold-Silver Project, Puebla State, Mexico NI 43-101 Technical Report on the Feasibility Study”,

which was prepared in accordance with NI 43 -101, is available under the Company’s profile on SEDAR and on

the Company’s website. The Ixtaca Gold-Silver Deposit was discovered by Almaden in 2010.

On Behalf of the Board of Directors,

“J. Duane Poliquin”

J. Duane Poliquin

Chair

Almaden Minerals Ltd.

Safe Harbor Statement

Certain of the statements and information in this news release constitute “forward -looking statements” within the meaning of

the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and “forward -looking information” within the meaning of

applicable Canadian provincial securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are forward -looking

statements or information. Forward-looking statements or information in this news release relate to, among other things, the

decision of the District Court in respect of the submissions of Economia that the court deny Almaden’s 2002 and 2008 mineral

title applications, any further legal action by Almaden, completion of indigenous consultation by Economia and community

support for the Ixtaca project.

These forward-looking statements and information reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and are

necessarily based upon a number of assumptions that, while considered reasonable by the Company, are inherently subject

to significant legal, regulatory, business, operational and economic uncertainties and contingencies, and such uncertainty

generally increases with longer-term forecasts and outlook. These assumptions include: stability and predictability in Mexico’s

consultation process with indigenous communities and judicial decisions thereon; stability and predictability in Mexico’s mineral

tenure, mining, environmental and agrarian laws and regulations, as well as their app lication and judicial decisions thereon;

continued respect for the rule of law in Mexico; prices for gold, silver and base metals remaining as estimated; currency

exchange rates remaining as estimated; availability of funds; capital, decommissioning and re clamation estimates; mineral

reserve and resource estimates; prices for energy inputs, labour, materials, supplies and services (including transportation) ;

no labour-related disruptions; all necessary permits, licenses and regulatory approvals being received in a timely manner; the

ability to secure and maintain title and ownership to properties and the surface rights necessary for operations; community

support in the Ixtaca Project; and the ability to comply with environmental, health and safety laws. The foregoing list of

assumptions is not exhaustive.

The Company cautions the reader that forward -looking statements and information involve known and unknown risks,

uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results and developments to differ mate rially from those expressed or

implied by such forward-looking statements or information contained in this news release. Such risks and other factors include,

among others, risks related to: Mexico’s consultation process with indigenous communities and potential litigation in respect

thereof; political risk in Mexico; crime and violence in Mexico; corruption; environmental risks, including environmental matters

under Mexican laws and regulations; impact of environmental impact assessment requirements on the Company’s planned

exploration and development activities on the Ixtaca Project; certainty of mineral title and the outcome of litigation; community

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relations; governmental regulations and the ability to obtain necessary licences and permits; risks related to mineral properties

being subject to prior unregistered agreements, transfers or claims and other defects in title; changes in mining, environmental

or agrarian laws and regulations and changes in the application of standards pursuant to existing laws a nd regulations which

may increase costs of doing business and restrict operations; as well as those factors discussed the section entitled "Risk

Factors" in Almaden's Annual Information Form and Almaden's latest Form 20-F on file with the United States Securities and

Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could affect

the Company and may cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in forward -looking

statements or information, there may be other factors that cause actions, events or results not to be as anticipated, estimated

or intended. There can be no assurance that our forward -looking statements or information will prove to be accurate.

Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements or information. Except as required by law,

the Company does not assume any obligation to release publicly any revisions to on forward-looking statements or information

contained in thi s news release to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of

unanticipated events.

Contact Information:

Almaden Minerals Ltd.

Tel. 604.689.7644

Email: [email protected]

http://www.almadenminerals.com/