CleanTech Acquires Significant Package of Fluorspar Projects Totaling 7,180 Acres for US$4,000,000 in I llinois– Kentucky Fluorspar District
CleanTech Acquires Significant Package of Fluorspar
Projects Totaling 7,180 Acres for US$4,000,000 in I llinois–
Kentucky Fluorspar District
Vancouver, British Columbia, August 12, 2025 — Clea nTech Vanadium Mining Corp.
(“CleanTech” or the “Company”) (TSX-V: CTV, OTCQB: CTVFF) is pleased to announce that,
through its 100%-owned subsidiary, it has entered into a binding option-to-purchase agreement
(the “OTP”) with an arm’s-length private party (the “Vendor”) to acquire a package of Fluorspar
mining projects, several with historic Fluorspar production, totaling approximately 7,180 acres in
Kentucky and Illinois, USA (“Fluorspar Projects”).
Transaction Summary
Under the OTP executed on August 7, 2025, the Vendo r agreed to sell to CleanTech, the
Fluorspar Projects for a total of US$4,000,000 (the “Purchase Price”), consisting of:
• US$250,000 upon OTP signing (paid);
• US$250,000 on or before September 1, 2026;
• US$250,000 on or before September 1, 2027;
• US$250,000 on or before September 1, 2028; and
• US$3,000,000 on or before September 1, 2029.
The Fluorspar Projects are divided into two groups, CleanTech has the option to acquire both
groups for the Purchase Price or choose any one of the two groups in the Fluorspar Projects and
pay a total of only $2,250,000 instead, less any money paid as of the date CleanTech exercises
the option to purchase the chosen group of Fluorspar Projects.
Strategic District Position
CleanTech’s Fluorspar Projects consist of over a dozen distinct Fluorspar deposits with over 720
historic drill holes, covering over 7,180 acres and collectively control key segments of the Western
Kentucky Fluorspar District's most productive fault systems, representing approximately 60,000
feet of fault length across major geological structures. Those Fluorspar Projects provide long-term
exploration potential across underexplored extensions of proven systems.
The district’s unique geological setting, established transportation infrastructure, and proximity to
major industrial consumers positions CleanTech’s Fluorspar Projects as highly strategic domestic
fluorspar assets in an import-dependent market in the United States.
“With this transaction, CleanTech has now become on e of largest Fluorspar players in the USA
in terms of Fluorspar resource holdings and Fluorsp ar project land size in the heart of the
Kentucky-Illinois Fluorspar District” commented Ron Espell, President of CleanTech.
“CleanTech’s goal is to be the leading Fluorspar mi ning company to supply Florine, a critical
mineral and essential ingredient in uranium enrichment to produce nuclear fuel to power plants,
in battery electrolytes in most electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems, and as a
fluxing agent for steel and aluminum production” further commented by Ron Espell.
Table 1. The Fluorspar Projects Under Option by CTV in Illinois - Kentucky Fluorspar District
Project Area Acres Historic Resource
Estimate (tons) * CaF2% Zn%
Tabb (Lafayette-Crouch-Simpkins-Travis) 1,008 6,560 ,000 1 14.2 3
Babb-Barnes 324 424,000 2 44
Robinson-Lasher 1,524 31 14
Robinson-Lasher Bethel Horizon 70,000 3 32
Robinson-Lasher Shetlerville Horizon 105,0004 30
Robinson-Lasher sub-Rosiclare Horizon 387,225 5 5 - 10 14
Carr 30 100,000 6 30
Big Four 196
Pitillo 170
Memphis 587 23,600 7 18
Franklin 104
Kirk-Tyner-Wring 941 72,000 8 43
Eagle-Watson 99 58
Beard-Jones 1,584
Susie Beeler 341.9
Lee Mine (IL) 271.5
Campbell-Crotser* 226 805,841 9 37 3.23
* Campbell Crotser is under a separate OTP as described in the Company’s news release dated July 2, 2025
The key assumptions, parameters, and methods used to prepare this historical resource estimate
are not available. The Company has not reviewed or validated the historic data, and caution
should be taken as a qualified person has not done sufficient work to classify these historical
resource estimates as a current mineral resource an d the Company is not treating them as a
current mineral resource. The historic resource doe s not demonstrate economic viability and
should not be relied on. The Company considers the historical estimate relevant as it indicates
1 Honeywell International, 2012, Project Joust interim report, Livingston & Crittenden Counties, Kentucky: internal
report, 47 p
2 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Minerals
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
3 US. Steel Corporation, 1983, Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District properties report: Frontier Spar Corporation & USS
Resource Development, 257 p.
4 US. Steel Corporation, 1983, Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District properties report: Frontier Spar Corporation & USS
Resource Development, 257 p.
5 US. Steel Corporation, 1983, Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District properties report: Frontier Spar Corporation & USS
Resource Development, 257 p.
6 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Minerals
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
7 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Mineral
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
8 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Minerals
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
9 Adamson, R.S., 1993, Summary report on the West Kentucky fluorite-zinc properties, Livingston and Crittenden
Counties, Kentucky; Hardin County, Illinois: consulting report for Silverspar Minerals Inc., 32 p.
significant fluorspar mineralization within the pro ject area; however, the reliability is uncertain
given the age of the data, and differences between historical estimation methods and current
Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petrol eum (“CIM”) Definition Standards. The
historical resource categories were defined prior t o the adoption of current CIM Definition
Standards and differ materially from current categories such as ‘Inferred Mineral Resource.’ The
historical estimates do not meet current CIM requir ements for mineral resource classification
because of insufficient verification, lack of documented estimation methodology, and absence of
QA/QC protocols. Steps to verify and upgrade the historical estimates to current CIM standards
include (i) compilation and validation of all historical drill data, (ii) twin drilling of select hist orical
holes, (iii) confirmatory drilling in key areas of mineralization, (iv) updated geological modeling,
and (v) preparation of a new mineral resource estimate in accordance with NI 43-101.
CleanTech’s Fluorspar Projects Summary
The Western Kentucky Fluorspar District represents one of North America's most strategically
important mineral provinces, containing the United States' largest known fluorspar districts and
most prolific production history from approximately 1896-1975. Located in Crittenden and
Livingston counties, Kentucky, and extending into southern Illinois, the Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar
District (“IKFD”) has been the focus of extensive e xploration 10 and development activities more
than 150 years 11 . Mining operations have extracted 12.5 million to ns of refined fluorspar in the
IKFD since the late 1800s12 . The neighboring Illinois portion of the district (north of the Ohio River)
is documented in having produced over 20 million tons of crude fluorspar throughout its history 13 .
A thorough review of historic and current geological reports by the Company revealed significant
mineral resource potential supported by over 720 historic drill holes across CleanTech’s Fluorspar
Projects covering approximately 7,180 acres within the heart of Western Kentucky Fluorspar
District. Each CleanTech’s Flursopar Project is strategically positioned along major fault systems
that have historically controlled mineralization throughout the 1,000-square-mile district.
Geologically, CleanTech’s Fluorspar Projects are wi thin the Kentucky-Illinois fluorspar district,
where Mississippian-age limestones are cut by NW–SE normal faults and locally by dikes to which
may be related to subsurface intrusive activity. Fl uorspar is the principal commodity and
accessory sphalerite and galena, occurring in steep fault-fill veins, breccia zones, and localized
carbonate replacements along favorable beds. Shoots typically thicken at bends, step-overs, relay
10 US. Steel Corporation, 1983, Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District properties report: Frontier Spar Corporation & USS
Resource Development, 257 p.
11 Honeywell International, 2012, Project Joust interim report, Livingston & Crittenden Counties, Kentucky: internal
report, 47 p.
12 Denny, F.B., Nelson, W.J., Breeden, J.R., and Lillie, R.C., 2020, Mines in the Illinois portion of the Illinois-Kentucky
Fluorspar District: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 604
13 Denny, F.B., Nelson, W.J., Breeden, J.R., and Lillie, R.C., 2020, Mines in the Illinois portion of the Illinois-Kentucky
Fluorspar District: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 604
ramps, and fault–dike intersections, providing pred ictable structural controls and repeatable
targets across the belt 14,15 .
The IKFD represents one of the most significant flu orspar provinces globally, hosted within
Mississippian sedimentary rocks that have been exte nsively faulted into a complex block
pattern 16 . The primary deposits (optioned by CleanTech) - Campbell-Crotser, Tabb, Babb-Barnes,
and Robinson-Lasher - occur along steeply-dipping normal faults (70-90°) that displace favorable
limestone formations, particularly the St. Genevieve and St. Louis limestones. These fault-hosted
vein deposits formed through replacement of pre-exi sting calcite by fluorite, with ore shoots
typically ranging 200-1000 feet in strike length, 2 00-500 feet in height, and 3-10 feet in width 17 .
The Campbell deposit, for example, occurs along the Big Creek Fault with a 12-foot average width
and 26-foot total vein width, containing approximately 805,000 tons grading 37% CaF2 and 3.2%
zinc 18 . The Tabb fault system, historically the most prod uctive in Kentucky, extends 19 miles
through the district with mineralization varying both laterally and vertically along strike.
These deposits are geochemically linked to deeper c arbonatite-lamprophyre magmatism, as
evidenced by the widespread occurrence of mafic dik es throughout the district and their spatial
association with zinc-rich mineralization 19 . The cryptovolcanic Hicks Dome structure, dated at
approximately 270 Ma (million years ago), represents a key thermal and geochemical center that
likely provided both heat and fluorine-rich volatil es for regional mineralization. The dome is
underlain by alkalic igneous rocks and explosive br eccias, visible in aeromagnetic data, may
reflect deeper ultramafic intrusive activity and suggests that the observed surface mineralization
represents the upper expression of a much larger ma gmatic-hydrothermal system driven by
mantle-derived carbonatitic melts 20 .
Figure 1. Illinois - Kentucky Fluorspar Projects Map
14 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Minerals
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
15 Adamson, R.S., 1993, Summary report on the West Kentucky fluorite-zinc properties, Livingston and Crittenden
Counties, Kentucky; Hardin County, Illinois: consulting report for Silverspar Minerals Inc., 32 p.
16 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Minerals
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
17 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Minerals
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
18 Adamson, R.S., 1993, Summary report on the West Kentucky fluorite-zinc properties, Livingston and Crittenden
Counties, Kentucky; Hardin County, Illinois: consulting report for Silverspar Minerals Inc., 32 p.
19 Denny, F.B., Nelson, W.J., Breeden, J.R., and Lillie, R.C., 2020, Mines in the Illinois portion of the Illinois-Kentucky
Fluorspar District: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 604
20 Trela, J., Freiburg, J.T., Gazel, E., Nuelle, L., Maria, A.H., Malone, D.H., and Molinarolo, J.M., 20 24, Petrologic
relationship between lamprophyres, carbonatites, an d heavy rare-earth element enriched breccias at Hic ks Dome:
Terra Nova, https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12712 .
Highlights from CleanTech’s Fluorspar Projects:
Campbell-Crotser Leads Resource Base
Optioned under a separate OTP by CleanTech described in the Company’s news release dated
July 2, 2025, the Campbell-Crotser stands as the fl agship asset, hosting a historic resource
estimate of 805,841 tons of fluorspar grading 37.10% CaF2, 3.23% zinc, and 0.99% lead. Located
along the Rock Creek Fault system near Carrsville, Kentucky, the project controls a critical 3,300-
foot segment of what represents a much larger 30,00 0-foot fault system extending from Illinois
into Kentucky 21 .
The Rock Creek Fault system, striking northeast at N20°E with a 75° northwest dip, exhibits 650
feet of stratigraphic displacement. The fault place s Degonia Formation against Golconda
Formation at surface, creating optimal conditions for fluorspar mineralization. Of the total 30,000-
foot system length, approximately 6,200 feet shows confirmed mineralization, with Campbell-
Crotser controlling the most prospective central se gment 22 . The project underwent systematic
21 Adamson, R.S., 1993, Summary report on the West Kentucky fluorite-zinc properties, Livingston and Crittenden
Counties, Kentucky; Hardin County, Illinois: consulting report for Silverspar Minerals Inc., 32 p.
22 Adamson, R.S., 1993, Summary report on the West Kentucky fluorite-zinc properties, Livingston and Crittenden
Counties, Kentucky; Hardin County, Illinois: consulting report for Silverspar Minerals Inc., 32 p.
exploration beginning with Pennwalt Chemicals Corporation's 13-hole drilling program from 1946-
1948. The major exploration effort was conducted by Cerro Corporation from 1972-1974, involving
69 total core holes with approximately 39,600 feet of drilling 23 . The Campbell Deposit shows some
of the highest-grade intervals, with individual dri ll holes reporting 48-60% CaF2 over significant
thicknesses. Borehole 37, for example, intersect a 6.6 foot-wide (true-width) vein of 83.65% CaF2
at approximately 775 feet below ground surface.
Tabb (Lafayette-Crouch-Simpkins-Travis) System Demonstrates Exceptional Scale
The Tabb Fault system represents the district's mos t significant geological structure, extending
19 miles (100,320 feet) through southern Crittenden and western Caldwell counties. This large
fault system has historically produced 30% of all f luorspar mined in the Kentucky portion of the
district, totaling over 1.05 million tons 24 .
Recent exploration by Honeywell's Project Joust pro gram focused on the K-4 cluster, a 4,000-
foot segment of the eastern Tabb system. Honeywell’s 2012-13 “Project Joust”: 59 HQ holes (of
which 50 intersect fluorite bodies on the project), 55,105 ft; 2.41 million tons of historic resource
grading 21.26% CaF2 (cut-off 15% CaF2) within a lar ger historical resource of 6.56 million tons
grading 14.02% CaF2 25 . Of the total resource in the system, approximatel y 496,433 tons are
thought to be acid-grade fluorspar. The Tabb system's mineralized zones typically occur as shoots
250-400 feet long, 100-200 feet high, and averaging 5 feet wide, with mineralization extending to
depths exceeding 1,000 feet 26 . The Project Joust drilling revealed substantial continuity with the
T33A-2 hole showing nearly 20% CaF2 over 141 feet.
Babb-Barnes Shows Production-Ready Infrastructure
The Eagle Babb-Barnes represents an immediately via ble operation, featuring complete mine
infrastructure including an 800-foot shaft with stations at 300, 500, and 700-foot levels. The project
sits on the Babb Fault system, which extends over 1 5,000 feet with a 3,300-foot mineralized
segment controlled by the operation 27 .
Historic production totaled 145,335 tons grading 38% CaF2 and 1.5% zinc between 1973-1979.
Estimated historic resource stand at 424,000 tons g rading 44% CaF2 28 . This project has also
been thoroughly explored with 86 surface HQ holes (45 original + 41 infill) and 172 underground
23 US. Steel Corporation, 1983, Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District properties report: Frontier Spar Corporation & USS
Resource Development, 257 p.
24 Adamson, R.S., 1993, Summary report on the West Kentucky fluorite-zinc properties, Livingston and Crittenden
Counties, Kentucky; Hardin County, Illinois: consulting report for Silverspar Minerals Inc., 32 p.
25 Honeywell International, 2012, Project Joust interim report, Livingston & Crittenden Counties, Kentucky: internal
report, 47 p.
26 Honeywell International, 2012, Project Joust interim report, Livingston & Crittenden Counties, Kentucky: internal
report, 47 p.
27 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Minerals
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
28 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Minerals
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
holes; surface footage is approximately 45,000 ft 29 . The minerals are fault controlled and
dominated by Veins dip 70–85° NW; true widths 5–10 ft (avg. 7.6 ft) over 3,300 ft strike; mined
on the 500, 600 & 700 levels from an 800 ft, three-compartment shaft 30 .
Robinson-Lasher Showcases Zinc Potential
The Robinson-Lasher, encompassing 1,524 acres in Livingston County, sits along the Robinson
Fault, a near-vertical structure with 20,000 feet o f total strike length. The project controls
approximately 1,700 feet of the fault system, where bedded replacement deposits have been
developed through a 1,270-foot decline to 240 feet vertical depth 31 .
This project has undergone extensive exploration with 232 core holes to at least 9,855 ft with a
historic resource of 70,000 tons grading 32% CaF2 (Bethel Horizon), 105,000 tons grading 30%
CaF2 (Shetlerville Horizon) for 175,000 tons fluorite. (1, pp. 68–70). There is additionally another
387,225 tons grading 14% Zn in lower sub-Rosiclare with 5-10% fluorite according to an internal
Dynamex company report 32 ,33 . Total footage comes from a Boyce Moodie memo dated April 20,
1976 1. Dynamex exploration 34 demonstrated that 77% CaF2 grades are achievable i n certain
intervals, though typically over smaller thicknesses.
Carr: The Carr is located 12 miles northwest of Salem, K entucky, on the Crittenden-Livingston
County line at the confluence of Deer Creek with th e Ohio River, covering 30 acres of mineral
rights 35 . The entire project lies in the floodplain of the Ohio River, where the Ellis Mine fault is
projected onto the project for 1,400 feet 36 . Vein and bedded fluorite-barite mineralization is
present at the nearby Ellis Mine, where 300,000 ton s of material grading 25% CaF2 and 20%
BaSO 4 were mined 1. Past exploration on the Carr consisted of one angled diamond drill hole that
29 US. Steel Corporation, 1983, Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District properties report: Frontier Spar Corporation & USS
Resource Development, 257 p.
30 Adamson, R.S., 1993, Summary report on the West Kentucky fluorite-zinc properties, Livingston and Crittenden
Counties, Kentucky; Hardin County, Illinois: consulting report for Silverspar Minerals Inc., 32 p.
31 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Minerals
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
32 Mining & Minerals Services, Inc., 2011, Western Kentucky fluorspar & zinc project prospectus: Mining & Minerals
Services, Inc., Marion, Kentucky, 24
33 Gatten, O.J., 2008, Shawnee zinc exploration project, Hampton prospect, Livingston County, Kentucky: Kaysville,
Utah, North American Exploration, Inc., unpublished report prepared for Cheryl Wilson, Dynamex Resources
Corporation, 117 p.
34 Gatten, O.J., 2008, Shawnee zinc exploration project, Hampton prospect, Livingston County, Kentucky: Kaysville,
Utah, North American Exploration, Inc., unpublished report prepared for Cheryl Wilson, Dynamex Resources
Corporation, 117 p.
35 US. Steel Corporation, 1983, Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District properties report: Frontier Spar Corporation & USS
Resource Development, 257 p.
36 US. Steel Corporation, 1983, Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District properties report: Frontier Spar Corporation & USS
Resource Development, 257 p.